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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Waiting for an Angel&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>Helon Habila</text>
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                <text>New York: W.W. Norton &amp; Company, 2003.</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;Helon Habila’s debut novel &lt;i&gt;Waiting for an Angel&lt;/i&gt; is a literary endeavor to capture a sliver of Nigeria’s postcolonial history. Following a journalist and poet living in the country following the colonial period, Habila utilizes historical moments to anchor the novel in the era of military dictatorships during the 1980s and 1990s. Separated into seven stories via multiple narrators and absent of linear chronology, Habila’s novel creates a sense of placelessness, signifying the struggle of living in a decolonizing society. &lt;i&gt;Waiting for an Angel&lt;/i&gt; illuminates the experiences of Nigerians caught in oppressive military regimes, a postcolonial echo of colonial power structures.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Uncle Tom's Cabin&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>Harriet Beecher Stowe</text>
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                <text>London: Frederick Warne and Co., 1895.</text>
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                <text>Harriet Beecher Stowe’s antebellum novel &lt;i&gt;Uncle Tom’s Cabin&lt;/i&gt; was originally published as a serial piece in &lt;i&gt;The National Era &lt;/i&gt;newspaper in 1851 and 1852. Eventually published as a novel, &lt;i&gt;Uncle Tom’s Cabin&lt;/i&gt; has a controversial historical legacy. Heralded by many as the novel that aided the abolitionist movement by calling attention to the atrocities of slavery, &lt;i&gt;Uncle Tom’s Cabin&lt;/i&gt; simultaneously cemented racist stereotypes in American memory. Nevertheless, Stowe’s novel was one of the most popular novels of the 19&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century. This 1895 edition of &lt;i&gt;Uncle Tom’s Cabin&lt;/i&gt; is the oldest book in the Arnold and Jane Grisham Collection.</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Thomas and Beulah&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>Rita Dove</text>
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                <text>Pittsburg, PA: Carnegie Mellon University Press, 1986.</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;Anchoring her poetic narrative in the midst of the Great Migration, Rita Dove knits together the story of Thomas and Beulah, a black couple living in the industrial and urban Midwest. Divided into two halves, the first twenty-three poems in the section “Mandolin” are Thomas’s while the other twenty-one in the section “Canary in Bloom” are Beulah’s. The two halves come together in a poetry collection that tells the story of a migrant generation from two gendered vantage points. Dove was the second black woman to be named United States Poet Laureate, after Gwendolyn Brooks. &lt;i&gt;Thomas and Beulah&lt;/i&gt; garnered her the Pulitzer Prize in 1987.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;There Was a Country&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>Chinua Achebe</text>
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                <text>New York: The Penguin Press, 2012.</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;Chinua Achebe, famed author of &lt;i&gt;Things Fall Apart&lt;/i&gt;, is recognized as a key author of postcolonial fiction. In his memoir &lt;i&gt;There Was a Country: A Personal History of Biafra&lt;/i&gt;, Achebe addresses his personal experiences living in Nigeria during decolonization. For Achebe, a writer adamantly committed to utilizing literature as a way to engage socio-political currents and serve as historical testimony, &lt;i&gt;There Was a Country&lt;/i&gt; provides his own historical record of colonial and postcolonial Nigeria. What Achebe highlights in his autobiographical exploration of Nigeria’s history is the tenuous connection between the colonized and the colonizer and the necessity of knowing history.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;The Famished Road&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>Ben Okri</text>
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                <text>New York: Doubleday, 1992.</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;Fluctuating between magical and literary realism, Ben Okri’s &lt;i&gt;The Famished Road&lt;/i&gt; is a novel that shifts between African folklore traditions and the literary styles of the West. Set in an unnamed postcolonial Nigerian city, &lt;i&gt;The Famished Road&lt;/i&gt; follows Azaro, an abiku or spirit child from Yoruban folklore, as he is pulled between the mortal world with his family and the spirit world that is calling to him. Okri’s blend of the magical and the realistic reveals the friction between the legacy of colonialism and the African traditions within a postcolonial country. This blurring of realities is exemplified in the passage above that seamlessly melds both worlds Azaro walks between.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;The Autobiography of an Ex-Coloured Man&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>James Weldon Johnson</text>
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                <text>Garden City, NY: Garden City Publishing Co., Inc., 1927. </text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;Originally published anonymously in 1912, this 1927 edition of &lt;i&gt;The Autobiography of an Ex-Coloured Man&lt;/i&gt; was the first to credit James Weldon Johnson as the author. Written during the nascent period of the Harlem Renaissance, the fictional autobiography is narrated by the “Ex-Coloured Man.” Reflecting on a life between and within two racial identities, the narrator recounts his life as a black ragtime musician to his life spent passing as a white businessman. The narrator’s shift to a white identity was instigated by his witnessing of a violent lynching in the Reconstruction era South. Johnson’s detailed description of a lynching, although fictional, was one of the first novels to provide social commentary on systemic racism and mob law in the post-emancipation South. This is the first title that Arnold Grisham collected, sparking his interest in book collecting.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Tar Baby&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>Toni Morrison</text>
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                <text>New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1981.</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;Jazz reverberates across the pages of Toni Morrison’s novels. Taking the techniques from this black musical tradition, rhythms, riffs, solos, and cadences emerge in Morrison’s prose as literary devices. The prose in &lt;i&gt;Tar Baby&lt;/i&gt; is no exception. Caught in a tumultuous love affair, Jadine and Son’s entire relationship emulates a call and response. In jazz, a call and response is when musicians trade bars and riffs, repeating and building one on top of the other – a question and answer. This excerpt of &lt;i&gt;Tar Baby&lt;/i&gt; exemplifies call and response through dialogue between Jadine and Son, trading sentences and building off one another, the punctuation setting a rhythmic pace.&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Simple Speaks His Mind&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>Langston Hughes</text>
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                <text> New York: Simon and Schuster Inc., 1950.</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;On February 13, 1943, the fictional character Jesse B. Semple debuted as the protagonist of a new weekly column written by Langston Hughes&lt;i&gt;. &lt;/i&gt;Known as Simple, Hughes crafted him to be emblematic of working class African Americans in the mid-20&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; century. Set in Harlem and published within the pages of the &lt;i&gt;Chicago Defender&lt;/i&gt;, Simple stories blended the literary worlds of the Harlem and Chicago Renaissances. &lt;i&gt;Simple Speaks His Mind&lt;/i&gt; is the first collected volume of Simple stories, which launched Hughes into literary prominence. Hughes employed the character of Simple to vocalize the everyday experiences of encountering racism in the U.S. &lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>&lt;em&gt;Poems of Cabin and Field&lt;/em&gt;</text>
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                <text>Paul Laurence Dunbar</text>
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                <text>New York: Dodd, Mead &amp; Company, 1899.</text>
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                <text>&lt;p&gt;Categorized as Paul Laurence Dunbar’s “dialect poems,” &lt;i&gt;The Poems of Cabin and Field&lt;/i&gt; were written in an imagined black vernacular. Paired with staged photographs of plantation life, the poetry collection was one of the first publications to project a stylized image of black life at the turn of the 20th century. The photographs were taken by the Hampton Institute Camera Club, a group of amateur African American photographers from the small school in Hampton, Virginia. &lt;i&gt;The Poems of Cabin and Field &lt;/i&gt;represents Dunbar’s earliest works that were all written in a fictionalized vernacular. Dunbar’s later poetry received critical acclaim after he discontinued his use of dialectic writing. &lt;/p&gt;</text>
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